Khwaja Salman Sawagi was born in the eighth century in saweh of the last Known chorus ode before The Safavids considered owes his fame PROSPER Mot. this article following The necessity to answer these questions: how is quantitative and qualitative status of Similes and metaphors, and kinds of it in Salman generalities? Then how can image and judge the weight And various sources of inspiration and value of his imaginations applications? After simile, paraprofessionals metaphor, analogies, moknymetaphors and assured metaphor type of diagnosis of the type of Diagnosis form his imagination. Similes and metaphors in praise of his beloved and praised and description of the beauty of the nature, describing meetings and Parties were used in the public domain of lyrics and lyricism respectively. the poet More inclines to similes and rhetoric and singular sense. there is no Detailed metaphor in his poetry. Salman similes used in composed poems and Most of the components are sense to sense. The most common compound in the similesare in Shape and color, then share the results. Salman’s most important stylistic creativity in the wrapping The proportion with similes.

Objrctive: The main purpose of the research is to examine the assured, s commitment to disclose information, its basis and scope in the pre-contractual stage in the two legal systems of Iran and the United Kingdom. Methodology: The method used in the research is a descriptive and analytical method that has been done in the context of a comparative study between Iranian law and British law, especially the new British Insurance Law adopted in 2015. Findings: As a general rule, the negotiating parties have no obligation to disclose information to each other. The main rationale and logic behind contractual relations is this matter that each party must protect its own interests merely. In other words, self-interesting is the governing principle in contractual relations and duty to disclose information as a commitment at the pre-contract stage has not been identified yet. However, the insurance contract is the most important exceptions to this general rule. In this contract, as a contract based on utmost good faith, mutual obligations have been recognized to the parties, especially the insured. One of the main pre-contractual obligations of the insured is the obligation to provide related information. Not only the insured must refuse to make a false statement and misrepresentation, but also it is obliged to provide the insurer with essential information so that he or she can make an informed decision to accept the principle of risk and determine its conditions. Although there is no difference of opinion in the insurerd's obligation to disclose information at the pre-contractual stage, there are differences in practice, especially in Iranian law, regarding the scope of this obligation, its basis and effects, which has reduced the benefits of disclosure. Therefore, it is suggested that the legislator explicitly establish a rule regarding the basis and scope of the insurerd's pre-contractual obligation to disclosure. Conclusion: In short, it can be said accurate pre-contractual information can help the insurer to predict the insurance risks and to determine the appropriate insurance premium. However, this obligation is not unconditional and it is subject to restrictions such as waiver, lack of awareness, etc. In terms of legal sanctions, breach of this obligation can also lead to cancellation, termination and civil liability litigation.

It has been about four decades since George Lakoff and Mark Johnson brought up the notion of conceptual metaphor in their book Metaphors We Live By (1980). Since then, this theory has found numerous followers and accordingly it has been applied to Persian linguistic and literary researches as well. This essay contends that these two thinkers were not in fact the originator of conceptual metaphor and that, as Richards says, the theorization of this type of metaphor goes back to the olden times. The article attempts to compare literary and conceptual metaphor through the thoughts of Islamic and western masters of eloquence and the definitions of literary and conceptual metaphor that they have given in order to highlight the point that the definition of these two kinds of metaphor should be distinctly recognized and the consideration of one should not result in the overlooking of the other. Considering these two types as the same, undermines their value and independence and may even force the mind to choose one and ignore the other-there are cases in which this has happened or at least some writers have intended to do so. On the one hand George Lakoff’ s insistence on rejecting traditional definitions of metaphors in his essay titled “ The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor” (1993) and on the other hand the enthusiastic acclamation of conceptual metaphor in recent years are some of the reasons for doing this study. In this article, however, neither of these two notions are denied and efforts are made to consolidate the status of both of them. So the outcomes of conceptual metaphor in both language and literature are illustrated and it is argued that this new type of metaphor does not cause limitation to literary metaphor, but can be an appropriate element in linguistic and literary studies.

Due to the development of smart devices, the ability of computers to understand human language has become a key issue in technology. By learning and analyzing machine-readable, annotated linguistic data, computers are able to comprehend human language (corpus). Corpora plays a crucial role in helping computers comprehend human language. Metaphor is one of the most complicated linguistic data that computers cannot comprehend. Despite the prevalence of metaphor in everyday language use and the importance of identifying it, no corpus has been published for Persian yet. Compiling a corpus of Persian metaphors is the initial step in learning metaphors for computers. To compile a corpus of Persian metaphors, it is necessary to meet two main criteria. Deciding the best definition is the first prerequisite. The best definition is both comprehensive and applicable, comprehensive in the sense that it covers a significant proportion of metaphorical instances, and applicable in the sense that it could be used to build a corpus. The second requirement is the construction of a method for metaphor identification. Without a straightforward data annotation method, it is impossible to identify metaphors.

Since metaphors occur in language, it is an appropriate tool to identify ideology with. The choice of different metaphors in a text by language users would reveal its dominant ideology. Contrary to this, different ideologies may produce different metaphors to support their basic beliefs. Taking conceptual metaphor theory and Teun van Dijk’s theory of ideology as the basic definitions in this paper, the functions of metaphor in an ideological system and also the role of metaphor in different social contexts are being studied.

The objective of the present paper is to detennine the factor(s) involved in the death of metaphor, or better said, .lexicalization of metaphorical concepts.To achieve the objective, attempts have been made to provide the readers with definitions proposed by scholars. Furthennore, the writer describes the manner in which metaphor is fonned, drawing a distinction between "dead" and "live" metaphors, showing how a live metaphor turns into a lexical polysemy entering dictionaries.

In this paper, after some preliminary and historical remarks on the concept of metaphor, two recent philosophical analyses of metaphor (the interactive view and the causal view) will be introduced and critically analyzed. Then different functions of metaphor in relation to science will be discussed. The first function is to describe different aspects of scientific inquiry. The second function is to facilitate science education. The third function is to provide clues for scientific discoveries or to suggest ways of developing current theories. It will be argued that neither the interactive nor the causal view can explain this function of metaphor alone. A hybrid view is required to do this job. Finally, we will consider the suggestion that any model in science is a metaphor, and therefore doing science is a metaphorical activity in principle. It will be pointed out that this radical view does not hold for (at least) some scientific models.

Since a long time ago, allegory has been discussed as a significant issue in philosophical and literary domains. And as a matter of fact, scholars, thinkers and literary men have studied it since the golden days of the Greek civilization. Nowadays as a result of the growth and development of linguistics, metaphor has seen a particular attention as a mental-lingual process by the linguists; that is especially the cognitive linguists. According to linguists, metaphor is a device for reflection, comprehension and recognition of abstract concepts. In this article the author introduces the modern views in this scope with emphasize on the opinions of cognitive linguists; especially George Likav, and further on introduces metaphor in Gheysar Aminpour's poetry in his last book of poetry entitled "The Grammar of Love". While Licav emphasizes on the contemporary theories, he uses metaphor in a different concept; in other words mapping between the realms in a conceptual system.

Although Michel  Foucault (1926 - 1984) emphasizes that the dominant paradigm of the renaissance era is based on resemblance and analogy, contrary to Foucault's view, metaphorical thinking and analogy is not merely dominant in the pre-modern society, but is also active in the modern and contemporary era, and according to the cognitive theory, it exists in the human being's whole life. The present research aims to investigate the relationship between socio-space metaphors in Foucault's thought. By studying Foucault's works and applying the metaphor identification procedure model, his main metaphors were extracted and analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. Based on Foucault and Derrida’s theories power is the determining metaphor and has a linguistic character, other metaphors are a function of the metaphor of power. They believe in metaphorical form Power and knowledge are the same. Further, power creates knowledge and controls it spatially and has a great share in its reproduction and chain circulation. Most of Foucault's metaphors of space, such as situation, displacement, place, context, realm, sphere, the horizon, archipelago, land, and landscape, have a military background and are intertwined with power. Foucault likened the modern world to Jeremy Bentham's panopticon power. Foucault's panopticon architecture metaphor is location-based and social one. In other words, he has embodied or objectified the modern world as a disciplinary field or society. The results show that based on Lakoff and Johnson's theory, Foucault has used the metaphors of architecture as well as the panopticon as a source domain to explain the target domain (modern society).